The Nigeria Center for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) is taking proactive measures to combat the outbreak of cerebrospinal meningitis (CSM) in the country.
In an interview with Science Nigeria, the director-general of NCDC, Dr. Ifedayo Adetifa emphasised the organisation’s commitment to controlling the spread of the disease through enhanced surveillance, vaccination campaigns, public awareness and the strengthening of healthcare infrastructure.
Adetifa explained that CSM, characterised by acute inflammation of the brain and spinal cord covering, is an epidemic-prone disease with cases reported throughout the year. However, certain weather conditions, such as the dry season with dust, winds and cold nights, increase the risk of infection, especially in crowded and poorly ventilated areas.
In the 2022/2023 period, Nigeria recorded 2765 suspected and 303 confirmed cases of CSM, with 190 deaths across 140 local government areas in 30 states. Adetifa highlighted the collaborative efforts of the Federal Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, along with the NCDC, to prevent, detect and respond to CSM cases.
The National CSM Technical Working Group, consisting of relevant ministries, departments, agencies and development partners, is actively monitoring disease trends to enhance preparedness and response. Despite progress in surveillance and vaccination, CSM remains a
Adetifa outlined key measures taken by NCDC, including regular meetings of the National multi-sectoral CSM Technical Working Group, ongoing surveillance, provision of support to states, risk communication, sample collection for laboratory diagnosis, deployment of rapid response teams and public health advice for meningitis prevention.
He advised Nigerians to ensure vaccination for themselves and their loved ones, avoid prolonged contact with confirmed CSM cases, prevent household overcrowding, maintain respiratory hygiene and practice regular hand hygiene. Immediate medical attention is crucial for those experiencing symptoms and healthcare workers must adhere to infection prevention protocols.
Science Nigeria underscores the importance of early reporting of suspected cases to local authorities and emphasises that meningitis, an inflammation of the meninges covering the brain and spinal cord, can result from various infections, injuries, or drugs. Transmission occurs through direct person-to-person contact and close exposure to infected individuals. CSM manifests with symptoms such as fever, headache, nausea, photophobia and neck stiffness. Individuals in overcrowded settings, smokers and those with poor hygiene are at higher risk, making vigilance and prompt healthcare access crucial.
