The Nigeria Center for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) has reported a notable increase in Lassa fever cases during week 51 of 2023, accompanied by a lower case fatality rate (CFR) compared to the same period in 2022.
According to the NCDC’s official website, the number of newly confirmed Lassa fever cases rose significantly from 10 in epi week 50 to 26 cases in week 51 of 2023. The affected states include Bauchi, Ondo, Taraba and Plateau.
Cumulatively, from week 1 to week 51 of 2023, a total of 215 deaths were reported, resulting in a CFR of 17.5 percent. This CFR is slightly lower than the 17.9 percent recorded during the same period in 2022. Throughout 2023, Lassa fever cases have been reported in 28 states across 121 local government areas, with the majority (77 per cent) in Ondo, Edo and Bauchi states.
The age group most affected by Lassa fever is 21-30 years, with cases ranging from 1 to 93 years, and the median age of confirmed cases is 32 years. The male-to-female ratio for confirmed cases is 1:0.9.
The NCDC noted an increase in the number of suspected cases compared to the same period in 2022 and two healthcare workers were affected in week 51. To address the situation, multi-sectoral public health emergency operation centres (PHEOC) have been activated at the national and state levels.
Challenges faced in combating Lassa fever include the late presentation of cases, leading to a higher case fatality rate. Poor health-seeking behaviour is observed due to the high cost of treatment and clinical management of the disease. Additionally, poor environmental sanitation conditions and low awareness prevail in high-burden communities.
The report is based on case-based data retrieved from the National Lassa Fever Emergency Operations Centre, with specific definitions for suspected, confirmed, probable cases and contacts. The CFR is reported for confirmed cases only. The NCDC continues to monitor and respond to the evolving situation to curb the spread of Lassa fever.
