As the world continues to battle the ever-evolving COVID-19 pandemic, new variants of the virus are emerging, each presenting unique challenges.
One such variant is the recently identified XEC strain, which has raised concerns due to its potential impact on global public health.
Science Nigeria reports that the XEC strain was first detected in Germany in June 2024 and has since spread to 27 countries. Confirmed cases have been reported across Europe, Asia and North America, with at least 600 cases in the past four months. Affected countries include Germany, France, the United States, the United Kingdom, Denmark, Canada, China, Norway, Poland and the Netherlands.
The World Health Organisation (WHO) identifies the XEC strain as a sub-variant of the Omicron lineage of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This variant raises concerns regarding its potential for increased transmissibility and partial immune escape. This means that individuals infected with previous strains or who have been vaccinated may still be at risk for reinfection. However, vaccines remain the most effective defence against severe illness.
The WHO also stated that, like other COVID-19 variants, the XEC strain primarily spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks.
According to the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), the XEC strain is a combination of the KS.1.1 and KP.3.3 variants. Surveillance data indicates that the admission rate for patients testing positive for all strains rose to 4.5 per 100,000 people in the week leading up to October 6, 2024.
Experts believe the XEC strain is more transmissible due to its numerous mutations. Symptoms of this strain are similar to those of other COVID-19 variants and include fatigue, headaches, sore throat, and high temperatures.
A consultant epidemiologist at UKHSA, Dr. Jamie Lopez Bernal noted, “Our current surveillance shows that around 13 per cent of sequenced COVID-19 cases are of the XEC lineage. However, current information doesn’t suggest we should be more concerned about this variant. We are monitoring it closely, and vaccination still offers the best protection.”
While the symptoms of the XEC strain can range from mild to severe, common symptoms include fever, cough, fatigue, shortness of breath, sore throat, and loss of taste or smell. Individuals with underlying health conditions, especially the elderly and those with compromised immune systems, may experience more severe complications.
In Nigeria, experts are urging the public to remain vigilant and informed about this new strain, which could impact the ongoing fight against the virus. Although the XEC strain has not been officially reported in Nigeria, the Coordinating Ministry of Health and Social Welfare is monitoring the situation closely and advising healthcare providers to exercise caution.
The ministry emphasises the importance of precautionary measures to prevent the potential spread of the variant into Nigeria. Experts stress that vaccines remain the most effective tool for protecting against severe disease. Nigeria’s vaccination drive is ongoing and citizens are strongly encouraged to participate.
Dr. Adesola Adebayo, a public health expert, highlighted the continued importance of following public health guidelines: “The emergence of the XEC strain is a reminder that the pandemic is far from over. Nigerians must continue to adhere to safety guidelines and take personal responsibility in preventing the spread of COVID-19.”
Adebayo further stated, “Vaccination, adherence to safety protocols, and public health measures remain essential in protecting ourselves and our communities.”
According to the National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA), Nigerians can access the COVID-19 vaccine at public and designated private health facilities, COVID-19 Diagnostic Centres, motor parks, shopping malls, markets, event centres, and schools, among other public places across all 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT).
The XEC strain serves as a stark reminder that the battle against COVID-19 is ongoing. Nigerians are urged to stay informed, get vaccinated, and adhere to public health guidelines to protect themselves and their communities from this evolving threat.
